Which chronic condition is characterized by acute exacerbations but is generally asymptomatic between episodes?

The chronic condition characterized by acute exacerbations but generally asymptomatic between episodes is asthma. In individuals with asthma, episodes of worsening symptoms, known as exacerbations, can occur due to various triggers such as allergens, irritants, exercise, or respiratory infections. During these exacerbation periods, patients may experience wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

However, between these episodes, many individuals with asthma can be asymptomatic and lead a relatively normal life. This characteristic distinguishes asthma from other chronic respiratory conditions that may result in persistent symptoms or functional limitations even when not in an exacerbation phase. Conditions like chronic bronchitis and emphysema, on the other hand, often present with ongoing respiratory symptoms and reduced airflow, reflecting more constant airway inflammation or obstruction. Cystic fibrosis typically leads to chronic lung infections and related symptoms, rather than the episodic nature seen in asthma.